| IPA | PNivkh | PUYU | PCK | PAinu | PJap | PKor | NYuk | SYuk | PUral | PIE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasals | ||||||||||
| m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
| n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| ɲ | ɲ | (nʲ) | - | - | - | - | nʲ | ɲ | nʲ~ɲ | - |
| ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | - | - | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | -ŋ- | - |
| voicless plosives | ||||||||||
| p | pʰ~f | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | p |
| t | tʰ~r̥ | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t |
| c | cʰ~s | tʲ | c | - | - | c | tʲ | tɕ~ç | tʃ | s? |
| k | kʰ~x | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k |
| q | qʰ~χ | q | q | - | - | - | q | q~x | - | (q) |
| ʔ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ʔ |
| affricates? | ||||||||||
| (t)s | - | "c" | - | s | s | s | s | ʃ, ʒ? | s | s |
| (t)sʲ | - | "cʲ" | - | - | - | - | - | - | sʲ~ɕ | - |
| voiced plosives/fricatives/approximants/trills | ||||||||||
| v | v~p | v | v | - | - | - | b | w~b | w? | bʱ |
| ð | r~t | ð | ð | d? | - | - | d | d | -ð- | dʱ |
| ʝ | z~c | j? | j? | j? | - | - | dʲ | dʑ~ʝ | ðʲ? ʝ? | - |
| ɣ | ɣ~k | ɣ | ɣ | (H?) | - | - | g | g | - | gʱ |
| ʁ | ʁ~q | ʁ | ʁ | - | - | - | ʁ | ʁ~ɣ | - | (ɢʱ) |
| other | ||||||||||
| ɾ/r | - | - | r | ɾ? | ɾ? | r? | r | r | -r- | -r- |
| l | l | l | l | ɾ? | ɾ? | ɾ? | l | l | l | l |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | lʲ | ʎ | (lʲ~ʎ) | - |
| j | j | j | j | j | j? | j | j | j | j | j |
| w | w | v? | w | - | w? | - | w | w | w | w |
| h | h | - | - | h | - | h | - | - | -x-? | h1, h2, h3 |
PUYU ð > PAinu s
PUYU ɣ > PAinu k
tʔ(u)wuh1 > d(u)woh1